AD 1900 to NOW

Among the spectacles to which the coming century invites us is the decision as to the destiny of the Jews of Europe. That their die is cast, that they have crossed their Rubicon, is now palpably obvious: all that is left for them is either to become the masters of Europe or to lose Europe as they once a long time ago lost Egypt, where they had placed themselves before a similar either-or. In Europe, however, they have gone through an eighteen-century schooling such as no other nation of this continent can boast of  and what they have experienced in this terrible time of schooling has benefited the individual to a greater degree than it has the community as a whole.

Gog an Magog 

Polish Franciscan friar murdered at Auschwitz. He was canonized in 1982 for sacrificing his life to save a Jewish family man. Pope John Paul II said he was "the Patron Saint of our difficult century.") 

DECLARATION ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM 
DIGNITATIS HUMANAE 
ON THE RIGHT OF THE PERSON AND OF COMMUNITIES 
TO SOCIAL AND CIVIL FREEDOM IN MATTERS RELIGIOUS 
PROMULGATED BY HIS HOLINESS
POPE PAUL VI 
ON DECEMBER 7, 1965
 

Forces Occultes 1943
 

Modes of Authority and the Development of the  Donme Sects  The Donme, both in history and in theology, were a most unusual group. They began as Jews, followers of the 17th-century messianic claimant Sabbatai Zevi. When he was captured by the Ottomans and forced to convert to Islam, a number of his followers did so as well; these converts and their descendants became the Donme. Clustered in Salonika, they developed a blend of Judaism and Islam, outwardly completely Muslim but privately holding to many Jewish rituals and practices, altered somewhat to reflect their faith in Sabbatai Zevi.