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In 1896 W. M. Flinders PetrieOffsite Link discovered the Merneptah SteleOffsite Link -- also known as the Israel Stele or Victory Stele of Merneptah -- in the first court of Merneptah's mortuary templeOffsite Link at ThebesOffsite Link. It is inscribed on the reverse of a large granite steleOffsite Link originally erected by the Ancient Egyptian king Amenhotep IIIOffsite Link, but later inscribed by MerneptahOffsite Link who ruled Egypt from 1213 to 1203 BC. The black granite stele primarily commemorates a victory in a campaign against the LibuOffsite Link and MeshweshOffsite Link LibyansOffsite Link and their Sea PeopleOffsite Link allies, but its final two lines refer to a prior military campaign in CanaanOffsite Link in which Merneptah states that he defeated AshkelonOffsite Link, GezerOffsite Link, Yanoam and Israel among others. It is preserved in the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities Offsite Linkin Cairo.
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