1400

Johannes Gutenberg  first printing 1450

Sephardic Jews Leave Turkey for Spain Image of reconquista 

Cesare Borgia, born in Rome—in either 1475 or 1476 to 12 March 1507   Duchy of Valentinois,   Duke of Valentinois, was an Italian condottiero, nobleman, politician, and cardinal. He was the son of Pope Alexander VI and his long-term mistress Vannozza dei Cattanei.Exiled to Spain in 1504, he was imprisoned in the Castle of La Mota, Medina del Campo, from which he escaped and joined King John III of Navarre. He was killed in 1507 while fighting for the Navarrese king in the city of Viana, Spain.

 

1517 Martin Luther (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) German monk, priest, professor  He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He confronted indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the Emperor.

3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527