Time line A.D. year 1 to 1400

From Year 1 to 1400

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1000

Augustus Caesar (Octavian)

2 BC, February 5, Augustus was given the title pater patriae, or "father of the country, he also exiles his daughter Julia. This is also the given by Wikipidia for the birth of Christ.

When Antony died, Octavian became uncontested ruler of Rome. In the following years, Octavian, who was known as Augustus after 27 BC, managed to accumulate in his person all administrative, political, and military offices. When Augustus died in 14 AD, his political powers passed to his adopted son Tiberius; the Roman Principate had begun.

The rise of Caesar and the subsequent civil war between his two most powerful adherents effectively ended the credibility of the Roman oligarchy as a governing power and ensured that all future power struggles would centre upon which of two (or more) individuals would achieve supreme control of the government, rather than upon an individual in conflict with the Senate. Thus Antony, as Caesar's key adherent and one of the two men around whom power coalesced following his assassination, was one of the three men chiefly responsible for the fall of the Roman Republic.

Augustus promoted the ideal of a superior Roman civilization with a task of ruling the world (the extent to which the Romans knew it), embodied in the phrase tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento—"Roman, remember by your strength to rule the earth's peoples!"[130] This fit well with the Roman elite and the wider public opinion of the day which favored expansionism, reflected in a statement by the famous Roman poet Virgil who said that the gods had granted Rome imperium sine fine, "sovereignty without limit".

Jesus Christ

 Greek word Christos to translate Messiah.Early Christianity, which began within ancient Judaism, arose out of the Nazarene schism, dividing the followers of Jesus, the Nazarenes, from the Jewish majority, the Pharisees. According to Walter Laqueur, these Nazarenes did not break with the religious laws and rituals of the ancient Hebrews, "this came only with the appearance of Paulus, who had not known Jesus. From this point on, Christianity was the new Israel." The movement spreads through the roman empire

Early Christian mentions of Caesarea in the apostolic period follow the acts of Peter who established the church there when he baptized Cornelius the Centurion (Acts, 10, 11). The Apostle Paul often sojourned there (9:30; 18:22; 21:8), and was imprisoned at Caesarea for two years before being taken to Rome (23:23, 25:1-13).

6 AD, Judaea, which had been a client kingdom of Rome (i.e., it had its own ruler), became a Roman province ruled by a Roman procurator, who was responsible for maintaining peace and collecting taxes. Pocketing any amount above the quota had been a regular practice, which led to abuse. Tensions rose when Rome took over the appointment of the High Priest, also beginning about the year 6.

6AD  The Zealots, founded by Judas of Galilee (also called Judas of Gamala) and Zadok the Pharisee  against Quirinius' tax reform, shortly after the Roman state declared what had most recently been the territory of the tribe of Judah a Roman Province, and that they "agree in all other things with the Pharisaic notions; but they have an inviolable attachment to liberty, and say that God is to be their only Ruler

26CE Pontius Pilate was the Roman governor of Judaea from 26 CE to 36 CE; in this capacity, he was responsible for the execution of Jesus of Nazareth. This was not the only incident during his tenure of office, however. In this article, all these incidents are discussed. An attempt is made to show that Pilate was sincerely interested in Jewish culture and did his best to prevent unnecessary violence.
 

37ce  Flavius Josephus was born.  In the war between the Jews and the Romans of 66-70, the Jewish general Joseph son of Matthias defended Galilee against the Roman legions. After he had been defeated, he defected to his enemies, and advised the Roman general Vespasian. When the latter became emperor, his adviser started a career as a historian who tried to explain Judaism to the Greeks and Romans. His most important works are the Jewish War, the Jewish Antiquities, an Autobiography and an apology of Judaism called Against the Greeks (or Against Apion). As Roman citizen, he accepted a new name: Flavius Josephus. He must have died about 100, more than sixty years old.

39 AD, Emperor Caligula declared himself a god and ordered his statues to be set up in temples throughout the Empire. The Jews refused, and began preparations for armed revolt.

41 AD January 24, Caligula was assassinated by a broad-based conspiracy ). Claudius becomes Emperor

54 AD  Nero Claudius Caesar, he succeeded to the throne on October 13, 54, following Claudius' death.
 

64 AD   Rome on fire

64-66 AD Gessius Florus was the Roman procurator of Judea  was appointed to replace Lucceius Albinus as procurator by the Emperor Nero. He was noted for his public greed and injustice to the Jewish population, and is credited by Josephus as being the primary cause of the Great Jewish Revolt. Upon taking office in Caesarea, Florus began a practice of favoring the local Greek population of the city over the Jewish population. The local Greek population noticed Florus' policies and took advantage of the circumstances to denigrate the local Jewish population. One notable instance of provocation occurred while the Jews were worshiping at their local synagogue and a Hellenist sacrificed several birds on top of an earthenware container at the entrance of the synagogue, an act that rendered the building ritually unclean. In response to this action, the Jews sent a group of men to petition Florus for redress. Despite accepting a payment of eight talents to hear the case, Florus refused to listen to the complaints and instead had the petitioners imprisoned.

64-68  The first documented case of imperially-supervised persecution of the Christians in the Roman Empire begins with Nero (37-68). In 64 A.D., a great fire broke out in Rome, destroying portions of the city and economically devastating the Roman population. Nero himself was suspected as the arsonist by historian Suetonius, claiming he played the lyre and sang the 'Sack of Ilium' during the fires. In his Annals, Tacitus (who claimed Nero was in Antium at the time of the fire's outbreak), stated that "to get rid of the report, Nero fastened the guilt and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace" (Tacit. Annals XV)

64-67AD Paul is crucified Paul asserts that he received the Gospel not from man, but by "the revelation of Jesus Christ".

66 Berenice travelled to Jerusalem in 66 to personally petition Florus to spare the Jews, but not only did he refuse to comply with her requests, Berenice herself was nearly killed during skirmishes in the city. Likewise a plea for assistance to the legate of Syria, Cestius Gallus.    Berenice of Cilicia, also known as Julia Berenice and sometimes spelled Bernice (28 AD – ?), was a Jewish client queen of the Roman Empire during the second half of the 1st century. Berenice was a member of the Herodian Dynasty, who ruled the Roman province of Judaea between 39 BC and 92 AD. She was the daughter of King Herod Agrippa I, and sister of King Herod Agrippa II.    During the First Jewish-Roman War, she began a love affair with the future emperor Titus Flavius Vespasianus.   Berenice reportedly used all her wealth and influence to support Vespasian on his campaign to become emperor.[20] When Vespasian was declared emperor on December 21 of 69, Titus was left in Judaea to finish putting down the rebellion. The war ended in 70 with the destruction of the Second Temple and the sack of Jerusalem, with approximately 1 million dead, and 97,000 taken captive by the Romans.[21] Triumphant, Titus returned to Rome to assist his father in the government, while Berenice stayed behind in Judaea.    Her unpopularity among the Romans however compelled Titus to dismiss Berenice upon his accession as emperor in 79. When he died two years later, so did Berenice disappear from the historical record.
 

(66–73)CE  The first Jewish-Roman War (years , sometimes called The Great Revolt , was the first of three major rebellions by the Jews of Iudaea Province The Zealots had the leading role. They succeeded in taking over Jerusalem, and held it until 70, when the son of Roman Emperor Vespasian, Titus, retook the city and destroyed Herod's Temple during the destruction of Jerusalem

73CE The Zealots are crushed by the Romans, and had little credibility (the last Zealots died at Masada in 73 CE). Similarly, the Sadducees, whose teachings were so closely connected to the Temple, disappeared. The Essenes too disappeared, perhaps because their teachings so diverged from the concerns of the times(66 AD Jewish discontent with Rome had escalated. At first, the priests tried to suppress rebellion, even calling upon the Pharisees for help. After the Roman garrison failed to stop Hellenists from desecrating a synagogue in Caesarea, however, the high priest suspended payment of tribute, inaugurating the Great Jewish Revolt. The destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans in 70 CE not only put an end to the revolt, it was a profoundly traumatic experience for the Jews that marked the end of an era.

79-81 CE   Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus, commonly known as Titus (December 30, 39 – September 13, 81), was a Roman Emperor who briefly reigned from 79 until his death in 81. Titus was the second emperor of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 and 96, encompassing the reigns of Titus's father Vespasian (69–79), Titus himself (79–81) and his younger brother Domitian (81–96). Prior to becoming emperor, Titus gained renown as a military commander, serving under his father in Judaea during the First Jewish-Roman War, which was fought between 67 and 70. The campaign came to a brief halt with the death of emperor Nero on June 9, 68,  The Talmud adds that the sage Reb Meir Baal HaNess, a prominent supporter of Bar Kokhba's rebellion against Roman rule, is a descendant of Nero.

105-115  Ignatius of Antioch  studen of john the apostle , note antioch is next to Tarsus, the alligence to Christianity is Egypt and Persia the allies of Cleopata and Mark anthony Caesarian 

115 AD Alexandria is destroyed during the Jewish-Greek civil wars which gave Hadrian and his architect, Decriannus, an opportunity to rebuild it.

132–135CE  Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135) against the Roman Empire was a second major rebellion by the Jews of Iudaea and the last of the Jewish-Roman Wars.  Simon bar Kokhba, the commander of the revolt, was acclaimed a Messiah (rather than The Messiah), a heroic figure who could restore Israel. The revolt established a Jewish state for over two years, but a massive Roman army finally crushed it. The Romans then barred Jews from Jerusalem, except for Tisha B'Av.

143 AD candidate for bishiop of rome  Valentinus (c.100 - c.160CE) was the best known and for a time most successful early Christian Gnostic theologian. He founded his school in Rome. In Valentinian cosmology, the three sensations experienced by Sophia create three correspondent types of humans:
        hylics (who bond to matter, the principle of evil)    psychics (who bond to the soul and are partly saved from evil)
        pneumatics who can return to the pleroma if they achieve gnosis and can behold the world of light. The gnostics regarded themselves as members of this group.135 

 135   Rabbi Akiva  the Sefer Yetzirah

193 to 211. Roman Emperor Severus was born in Leptis Magna in the province of Africa. founded the Severan dynasty, the last dynasty of the empire before the Crisis of the Third Century.

215 AD The emperor Caracalla visited the city of Alexandria and, because of some insulting satires that the inhabitants had directed at him, abruptly commanded his troops to put to death all youths capable of bearing arms. This brutal order seems to have been carried out even beyond the letter, for a general massacre ensued. According to historian Cassius Dio, over 20,000 people were killed.

217 Judah ha-Nasi or Judah I, was a second-century rabbi and chief redactor and editor of the Mishnah. He lived from approximately 135 to 217 CE.

224- 651 Sasanian Dynasty  and Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognized as one of the two main powers in Western Asia and Europe, alongside the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years

c. 240–January 7, 312[1]) Sint Lucian of Antioch (c. 240–January 7, 312[1]) was an early and extremely influential theologian and teacher of Christianity, particularly for the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholics. He was noted for both his scholarship and ascetic piety. Teacher of Arian .

(c. AD 250-336) Christian theologian Arius , who lived and taught in Alexandria, Egypt, in the early 4th century. The most controversial of his teachings, considered contrary to the Nicene creed and heretical by the Council of Nicaea, dealt with the relationship between God the Father and the person of Jesus, saying that Jesus was not one with the father, and that he was not fully, although almost, divine in nature. This teaching of Arius conflicted with trinitarian christological positions which were held by the Church (and subsequently maintained by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches and most Protestant Churches

(263 – 339) Eusebius of Caesarea (c 263 – 339?[1]) (often called Eusebius Pamphili, "Eusebius [the friend] of Pamphilus") became the bishop of Caesarea in Palaestina c 314.He is often referred to as the Father of Church History

275 ad  Constantine I dissolved thee Praetorian Guard

303-305 The persecution of Christians by Roman emperor Diocletian

(311-355) Donatus Magnus was the leader of the Donatists, a rigorist Early Christian sect in North Africa

(314) Donatism was condemned as a heresy at various councils, most notably the Synod of Arles of 314

 336    Arius (ca. AD 250–336), a Christian presbyter from Alexandria, Egypt, concerning the relationship of the entities of the Trinity ('God the Father', 'God the Son' and 'God the Holy Spirit') and the precise nature of the Son of God. Deemed a heretic by the First Council of Nicaea of 325, Arius was later exonerated in 335 at the First Synod of Tyre,^[1] and then pronounced a heretic again after his death at the First Council of Constantinople of 381.^[2] The Roman Emperors Constantius II (337–361) and Valens (364–378) were Arians or Semi-Arians. The Arian concept of Christ is that the Son of God did not always exist, but was created by—and is therefore distinct from and inferior to—God the Father.

Constantine

360 First attempt to translate the bible AD Ulfilas is the first man known to have undertaken an extraordinarily difficult intellectual task - writing down, from scratch, a language which is as yet purely oral. He even devises a new alphabet to capture accurately the sounds of spoken Gothic, using a total of twenty-seven letters adapted from examples in the Greek and Roman alphabets.  from... http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac61
 

364  Roman Emperor Flavius Valentinianus, known in English as Valentinian I, (321 - November 17, 375) was  until his death. Valentinian is often referred to as the "last great western emperor...

376   Gothic War (376–382), the battle is often considered the start of the process which led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century.

390  Theodosius oversaw the removal in 390 of an Egyptian obelisk from Alexandria to Constantinople. It is now known as the obelisk of Theodosius and still stands in the Hippodrome, the long racetrack that was the center of Constantinople's public life and scene of political turmoil. Re-erecting the monolith was a challenge for the technology that had been honed in the construction of siege engines. The obelisk, still recognizably a solar symbol, had been moved from Karnak to Alexandria with what is now the Lateran obelisk by Constantius II). The Lateran obelisk was shipped to Rome soon afterwards, but the other one then spent a generation lying at the docks due to the difficulty involved in attempting to ship it to Constantinople. Eventually, the obelisk was cracked in transit. The white marble base is entirely covered with bas-reliefs documenting the Imperial household and the engineering feat of removing it to Constantinople. Theodosius and the imperial family are separated from the nobles among the spectators in the Imperial box with a cover over them as a mark of their status. The naturalism of traditional Roman art in such scenes gave way in these reliefs to conceptual art: the idea of order, decorum and respective ranking, expressed in serried ranks of faces. This is seen as evidence of formal themes beginning to oust the transitory details of mundane life, celebrated in Pagan portraiture. Christianity had only just been adopted as the new state religion.

406 Around 400 the Vandals were pushed westwards again, this time by the Huns, crossing the Rhine into Gaul along with other tribes in 406.

410AD Approximate end of the Roman rule of England, at which time the Romano-British formed various independent kingdoms. The Anglo-Saxons gradually gained control of England and became the chief rulers of the land, baring various Viking conquests. Until William the conqueror.

(415)AD Hypatia is killed by Christians and  the library of Alexandria is burned to the ground

428,   to the consternation of Cyril,  Nestorius, a priest-monk of Antioch,  became archbishop of Constantinople. Another fanatic, Nestorius greeted Emperor Theodosius with the words:  "O Caesar! Give me the earth purged of heretics, and I will give you the kingdom of heaven. Exterminate with me the heretics, and I will with you exterminate the Persians." (Eastern Rome?)
 

476 last emperor of the Western Roman Empire

483 492  pope for nine years .... filex III  dont know when he was born or what his name was ....  his gandsonwas  Pope Gregory l  papacy  590 604

530   The Rule of St Benedict, is composed by Benedict

529  Justinian's edict to close the pagan schools like the Platonic Academy

533 The Vandal kingdom collapsed in the Vandalic War of 533–4, in which Justinian Imanaged to reconquer the Africa province for the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.

569. Alboin created the first Lombard duchy, which he entrusted to his nephew Gisulf. Soon Vicenza, Verona and Brescia fell into Germanic hands. In the summer of 569, the Lombards conquered the main Roman centre of northern Italy, Milan.

600, Pope Gregory I commissioned the Ravennate Abbot Probus, who was before Gregory's emissary at the Lombard court, to build a hospital in Jerusalem to treat and care for Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land.

In 600, Pope Gregory I commissioned the Ravennate Abbot Probus, who was previously Gregory's emissary at the Lombard court, to build a hospital in Jerusalem to treat and care for Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 800, Charlemagne, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, enlarged Probus' hospital and added a library to it. About 200 years later, in 1005, Caliph Al Hakim destroyed the hospital and three thousand other buildings in Jerusalem. In 1023, merchants from Amalfi and Salerno in Italy were given permission by the Caliph Ali az-Zahir of Egypt to rebuild the hospital in Jerusalem. The hospital, which was built on the site of the monastery of Saint John the Baptist, took in Christian pilgrims traveling to visit the Christian holy sites. It was served by Benedictine monks.

595 Muhammad marries Khadija, she would be the first to believe he was a prophet.

# 622: Hijra—migration to Medina. First year of Islamic calendar. # 624: Battle of Badr. Expulsion of the Bani Qainuqa Jews from Medina. # 625: Battle of Uhud. Expulsion of Banu Nadir Jews from Medina. # 627: Battle of the Trench. Killing and enslavement of Banu Quraiza. # 628: Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. Battle of Khaybar. Muhammad sends letters to various heads of states. # 629: Muhammad pilgrimage to Mecca. Battle of Mu'ta.

711  Muslim armies invade and occupy most of Spain (At this time Jews made up about 8% of Spain's population). Under Christian rule, Jews had been subject to frequent and intense persecution, but this was alleviated under Muslim rule. Some mark this as the beginning of the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain.

732  Rome breaks with the eastern Church, authority returns to Rome, Leo III confiscated all papal patrimonies in south Italy and Sicily, together constituting most papal income at the time.^[57] He further removed the bishoprics of Thessalonica, Corinth, Syracuse, Reggio, Nicopolis, Athens, and Patras from papal jurisdiction, instead subjecting them to the Patriarch of Constantinople.^[57] This was in effect an act of triage: it strengthened the imperial grip on the southern empire, but all but guaranteed the eventual destruction of the exarchate of Ravenna, which finally occurred at Lombard hands in 751.^[57] In effect, the papacy had been "cast out of the empire".^[57] Pope Zachary, in 741, was the last pope to announce his election to a Byzantine ruler or seek their approval.

744 Charlemagne continued the policy of his father towards the papacy and became its protector, removing the Lombards from power in Italy, and leading an incursion into Muslim Spain, to which he was invited by the Muslim governor of Barcelona.

740 and 920 CE, the Khazar royalty and nobility appear to have converted to Judaism, in part, it is argued, perhaps to deflect competing pressures from Arabs and Byzantines to accept either Islam or Orthodoxy.^[210][211]

795: First recorded Viking raid of Scotland (probably from Orkney), on Iona, which is raided twice more in the following decade. 839: The Picts, who have controlled all of Scotland north of the Forth and Clyde except for Argyll, suffer a heavy defeat at the hands of the Vikings. Most of the Pictish nobility is wiped out in the defeat, including King Bridei VI. 843: Kenneth Mac Alpin becomes King of the Scots of Dalriada; and later becomes King of the Picts of Pictland as well, unifying the main groups in Scotland north of the Forth-Clyde line for the first time within the Kingdom of Alba.

800, Charlemagne, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, enlarged Probus' in Jerusalem hospital and added a library to it.

859 ad Córdoba, the largest Muslim city of the world in 1000, was home to about half a million people.[102] Public hospitals established during this time (called Bimaristan hospitals), are considered "the first hospitals" in the modern sense of the word[103] and issued the first medical diplomas to license doctors of medicine.[104][105] The Guinness Book of World Records recognizes the University of Al Karaouine as the oldest degree-granting university in the world with its founding in 859 CE.[106] The origins of the doctorate also dates back to the ijazat attadris wa 'l-ifttd ("license to teach and issue legal opinions") in madrasahs which taught law.[

862 A.D. Kievan Rus', the first united East Slavic state, was founded in 882. Kievan Primary Chronicle, a group of Varangians known as the Rus' settled in Novgorod under the leadership of Rurik.

867, Northumbria became the northern kingdom of the coalescing Danelaw, after its conquest by the brothers Halfdan Ragnarsson and Ivar the Boneless, who installed an Englishman, Ecgberht, as a puppet king. By 870, the "Great Summer Army" arrived in England, led by a Viking leader called Bagsecg and his five earls. Aided by the Great Heathen Army (which had already overrun much of England from its base in Jorvik), Bagsecg's forces, and Halfdan's forces (through an alliance), the combined Viking forces raided much of England until 871, when they planned an invasion of Wessex. On 8 January 871, Bagsecg was killed at the Battle of Ashdown along with his earls. As a result, many of the Vikings returned to northern England, where Jorvic had become the centre of the Viking kingdom, 

875 AD The arrival of the Vikings in Cambridge as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Viking rule, the Danelaw, had been imposed by 878. The Vikings' vigorous trading habits caused Cambridge to grow rapidly

In 882 a Viking leader, Oleg, moves his headquarters down the Dnieper, seizing the town of Kiev. in 911, he negotiates a commercial treaty with the Byzantine empire.

947 when Eric Bloodaxe captured York.

969 fall of the Khazar empire 

 986 Khazar Jews were present at Vladimir's disputation to decide on the prospective religion of the Kievan Rus

1000.

999AD Pope Sylvester II

1121   Egyptian vizier Al-Afdal Shahanshah , one Solomon ben Duji, often identified as a Khazarian Jew,^[171] attempted to advocate for a messianic effort for the liberation of, and return of all Jews to, Palestine. He wrote to many Jewish communities to enlist support. He eventually moved to Kurdistan where his son Menachem some decades later assumed the title of Messiah and, raising an army for this purpose, took the fortress of Amadiya north of Mosul. His project was opposed by the rabbinical authorities and he was poisoned in his sleep. One theory maintains that the Star of David, until then a decorative motif or magical emblem, began to assume its national value in late Jewish tradition from its earlier symbolic use by Menachem.

1065 The Rashi returns to live in Troys  Rav Shlomo Ben Yetzhak

1066  The Normand  Conquest  AD William I,  Duke of Normandy from 1035 and King of England from 1066 to his death. Claim the English crown, by invading England, and leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson (who died in the conflict) at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. William I, he was formally crowned on Christmas day 1066, in Westminster Abbey, by Archbishop Aldred.

1128, St. Bernard assisted at the Council of Troyes, at which he traced the outlines of the Rule of the Knights Templar, who soon became the ideal of Christian nobility."

1129   Templars Endorced by the Church , the most famous of the Western Christian military orders.^[3] The organization existed for approximately two centuries.Officially endorsed by the Roman Catholic Church   around 1129

1160  Bible Translated   Peter Waldo was inspired  began to preach and teach publicly, based on his ideas of simplicity and poverty, notably that "No man can serve two masters, God and mammon"   he is credited with providing to Europe the first translation of the Bible in a 'modern tongue' outside of Latin.

1184 catharism 1184 the Roman Pope called for a crusade against the Cathars (they were known as "Albigensians" By the late 1100s Crusaders had brought back from the East a strange brand of Muslim mysticism called by its Greek name, Catharism (the "Pure People").

 Raymond-Roger Trencavel (1184-1209)  FIRST CRUSADE He sent all Jews away to safety, knowing that the Catholic army would kill them if they ever got hold of them.

1208 catharism the murder on 15 January  of the papal legate Pierre de Castelnau by a knight in the employ of Count Raymond of Toulouse, the Church called for a crusade, which was carried out by knights from northern France and Germany and was known as the Albigensian Crusade.

1215 june 15, Magna Carta was the first document forced onto an English King by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges. It was preceded and directly influenced by the Charter of Liberties in 1100, in which King Henry I had specified particular areas wherein his powers would be limited

1194-1250 Frederick II his dynasty collapsed soon after his death. based in Sicily and stretching through Italy to Germany, and even to Jerusalem. Tries to create his oun religion with him as messia. The uncle of Tomas Aqquinas.

 1232 Maimonides’ books were confiscated and burnt by Dominicans (although there are stories about this being initiated by anti-Maimonideans who brought the books to the attention of the authorities

1233 April 20th Dominican inquisition  against the Cathar Herisy 

1263 Disputation of Barcelona

1274 Tomas aquinas dies,

1294  Pope Boniface VIII, born Benedetto Caetani (c. 1235 – October 11, 1303) was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303. Today, Boniface VIII is probably best remembered for his feuds with Dante, who placed him in a circle of Hell in his Divina Commedia, and with King Philip IV of France

1305 to 1378 Pope Clement the V moves the papacy to Avignon "Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy"

1307   Templars, the orders members in France were arrested, tortured into giving false confessions, and then burned at the stake.^[7] Under pressure from King Philip,   Pope Clement V   disbanded the Order in 1312

1328  Robert I, King of Scots dies  His body is buried in Dunfermline Abbey, while his heart is buried in Melrose Abbey. His heart was to be taken on crusade eventually to the Holy Land, but only reached Moorish Granada, where it acted as a talisman for the Scottish contingent at the Battle of Teba. Bruce secured Scottish independence from England militarily — if not diplomatically — at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.

1378 is presented as being the birth year of "our Christian Father,"( German doctor and mystic philosopher referred to as "Frater C.R.C) and it is stated that he lived 106 years. After studying in the Middle East under various masters, possibly those adhering to Sufism^[5] or Zoroastrianism, he was unable to spread the knowledge he had acquired to any prominent European figures. Instead, he gathered a small circle of friends/disciples and founded the Rosicrucian Order (this can be deduced to have occurred in 1407).

1382  John Wycliffe translated the Bible directly from the Vulgate into vernacular English in this year, now known as the Wycliffe Bible.  Wycliffe believed the pope and the Antichrist to be practically equivalent concepts.

1393  John of Nepomuk (or John Nepomucene) (Czech: Jan Nepomucký) (c. 1345 – March 20, 1393)^[1] is a national saint of the Czech Republic, who was drowned in the Vltava river at the behest of Wenceslaus, King of the Romans and King of Bohemia.