1400 to 1700
pre history to 0 0 to 1400 1400 to 1700
1439 Gutenberg was the first European to use movable type printing,, and the global inventor of the printing press. the Gutenberg Bible is an edition of the Vulgate, printed by Johannes Gutenberg, in Mainz, in present-day Germany, in the 1450s.
1453 Fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottoman turks
1455 War of the Roses
1492 March 31, marks the implementation of the Alhambra Decree; expulsion edicts forcing the removal or conversion of Jews and Muslims. Roughly 200,000 people left Spain;
1503 August , James IV, King of Scots, married Margaret Tudor, the eldest daughter of Henry VII of England, and the spirit of the new age was celebrated by the poet William Dunbar in The Thistle and the Rose. The marriage was the outcome of the Treaty of Perpetual Peace, concluded the previous year, which, in theory at least, ended centuries of Anglo-Scottish rivalry.
1506 St Peters was begun and was completed on 18 November 1626
1509 21 April – 28 January 1547 Henry VIII He separated the Anglican Church from Roman authority, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and establishing the English monarch as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Although some claim he became a Protestant on his death-bed, he advocated Catholic ceremony and doctrine throughout his life;
1515 The Moses (c. 1513–1515) is a masterpiece of High Renaissance sculpture by the renowned artist Michelangelo Buonarroti, housed in the church of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome. The sculpture was commissioned in 1505 by Pope Julius II for his tomb. This famous work of art depicts the Biblical figure Moses with horns on his head, symbolic of wisdom and enlightenment. video
1517 Protestant Reformation Martin Luther published The Ninety-Five Theses, This is the original cause of the 30 years war to commence in 1618 conclude in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia that ended years of European religious wars.[1
1522–1524 The Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola, composed
1533 7 September Queen Elizabeth born
1534 ,Jesuits Ignatius gathered six young men, including St. Francis Xavier and Bl. Pierre Favre, and together they professed vows of poverty and chastity, and then later, obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the Pope
1536-1541 Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIIl
1536 John Calvin (Middle French: Jean Cauvin; 10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564) was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism. Originally trained as a humanist lawyer, he broke from the Roman Catholic Church around 1530. After religious tensions provoked a violent uprising against Protestants in France, Calvin fled to Basel, Switzerland, when he published the first edition of his seminal work Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536.
1536 William Tyndale 1494 – 1536 English translation from the greek. Tyndale also wrote, in 1530, The Practyse of Prelates, opposing Henry VIII's divorce on the grounds that it contravened scriptural law.
1538 Guillaume Postel published Linguarum Duodecim google Guillaume Postel translated and published the Zohar and Sefer Yetzirah into Latin even before they were published in Hebrew
1558 Queen Elizabeth 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603
1560 The first book of decipline Prysbyterian
1567 St Terresa writes "Autobiography," , under the direction of her confessor, Fr Pedro Ibáñez
1582 to 1589, Edward Kelley and John Dee become closely tied. 1586, they find the patronage of William of Rosenberg, "cross-matching" occurred on 22 May 1587 and is noted in John Dee's diary
1584, William of Rosenberg invited the Jesuits to his Český Krumlov Castle and between 1586 and 1588, they constructed a large college building there
1588 Spanish Armada, with the intention of overthrowing Elizabeth I of England to stop English involvement in the Spanish Netherlands and English privateering in the Atlantic.
1599 Masonic lodge 19 Hill Street, Edinburgh Mary’s Chapel records dating back to 1599,
1600 Giordano Bruno death by burning
1603 March The Union of the Crowns, the accession of James VI, King of Scots, to the throne of England , thus uniting Scotland and England under one monarch. This followed the death of his unmarried and childless first cousin twice removed, Queen Elizabeth I of England, the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.
1605 gun poweder plot
1607-1616 Rosicrucianism Fama Fraternitatis RC (The Fame of the Brotherhood of RC) and Confessio Fraternitatis (The Confession of the Brotherhood of RC).
1618 The start of the thirty years war the result of the Peace of Augsburg (1555) that gave German lutherans the ability to have a separate religion. As well as the spread of Clavanism as a third religion. The war starts when the Jesuit educated crown prince Fredinand of Bohimia attemts to impose (catholic)religious uniformity on the reigion.
1623 Maffeo Barberini, becomes Urban VIII , Bernini built the Baldachino complete in 1633 and the Plasa St Pietro
1633, Galileo was condemned by the Catholic Church Descartes will write but not publish Treatise on the World
1643,Westminster Confession of Faith, the English Parliament called upon "learned, godly and judicious Divines", to meet at Westminster Abbey in order to provide advice on issues of worship, doctrine, government and discipline of the Church of England.
1648 Peace of Westphalia denotes a series of peace treaties signed between May and October of 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic.
1648–1654 Chmielnicki Uprising, the largest single massacre of Jews until the Holocaust,
1649 Charles I of England is executed by order of Parlament Oliver Comwell is a signatory
1655 Menasseh arrives in London and published his addresss, Cromwell summoned the Whitehall Conference in December of the same year.
1656 Re admission of Jews under the Cromwellian Protectorate
1659 The royal wedding,In the Basque country which cemented the alliance between the two old enemies, France and Spain
1660 Restoration of the English monarchy Charles the II
1659 Henry Dunster (1612-1659), first president of Harvard, began to preach against infant baptism and in 1653 refused the rite to his fourth child. For this he was forced to resign and that after twelve years of impressive service to the college. Even after earnest pleading he was refused the use of his home any longer, was cast out into the winter, and died within five weeks.
1671 Newton compiled in the Methodus Fluxionum et Serierum Infinitarum. not published till 1736
1677 Baruch Spinoza dies Tractatus Theologico-Politicus is published
1706 22 july, the Treaty of Union was agreed between representatives of the Scots Parliament and the Parliament of England and the following year twin Acts of Union were passed by both parliaments to create the united Kingdom of Great Britain with effect from 1 May 1707.[15]
1717 the formation of the Grand Lodge of England in. Before this time, the facts and origins of Freemasonry are not absolutely known and are therefore frequently explained by theories or legends.
1791 Thomas Paine Rights of Man
1817 Matthias Claudius's poem Death and the Maiden was used by composer Franz Schubert in 1817 for one of his most celebrated songs, which in turn became the basis for the 1824 string quartet of the same name.
1818 The World as Will and Representation (Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung) is the central work of the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. The first edition was published in December 1818,[1]
1826 the mysterious disappearance, of William Morgan (1774-1826?), a Freemason of Batavia, New York, who had become dissatisfied with his lodge and intended to publish a book detailing the secrets of the freemasons. When his intentions became known to the lodge, an attempt was made to burn down the publishing house. Finally in September 1826 Morgan was arrested on charges of petty larceny. Someone paid his debt and upon his release he was seized by parties and taken to Fort Niagara, after which he disappeared
1853-1856 The Crimean War, a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Ottoman Empire.
1881 Day Break (205) the Jews of Europe Nietzsche
1914 WWl june 28 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary --conflict opened with the Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia, followed by the German invasion of Belgium, Luxembourg and France--- Germany agreed to a cease-fire on 11 November 1918, Armistice Day.
1917 Feb the first revolution, the Tsar was deposed and replaced by a provisional government.
1918 18 November Wilhelm II 's abdication both as German Emperor and King of Prussia was abruptly announced by the Chancellor, Prince Max of Baden, on 9 November 1918.went into exile in the Netherlands
?1700AD Anthropocene is used by some scientists to describe the most recent period in the Earth's history, starting in the 19th century when the activities of the human race first began to have a significant global impact on the Earth's climate and ecosystems. The term was coined in 2000 by the Nobel Prize winning scientist Paul Crutzen, who regards the influence of human behavior on the Earth in recent centuries as so significant as to constitute a new geological era.