AD 1000 to 1500

God beyond God: Meister Eckhart

Fratres Lucis

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS' BOOK OF PROPHECIES

At a very early age I began to sail upon the ocean. For more than forty years, I have sailed
everywhere that people go. I prayed to the
most merciful Lord about my heart's great desire, and He gave me the spirit and the intelligence
for the task: seafaring, astronomy, geometry, arithmetic, skill in drafting spherical maps and
placing correctly the cities, rivers, mountains and ports. I also studied cosmology, history,
chronology and philosophy.

Ramon Llull

Templars and the Jews

From Quora 
Paula R. Stiles, Templar historian
Answered May 23, 2018
I wrote an entire PhD thesis that discussed Templar relations with their associates, including Jews and Muslims. I’ll try to boil this down to short and sweet: Yes, the Templars protected Jews. In fact, they were noted for protecting Jews. Yes, they did this to the point that it affected their reputation (mostly positively) with local Jews and (negatively) with the more antisemitic of their Christian neighbors.

Varangians Stars and Stripes - U.S. Flag

The name given by Greeks, Rus' people, Ruthenians, and others to Vikings,[1][2][3][4] who between the 9th and 11th centuries, ruled the medieval state of Kievan Rus', settled among many territories of modern Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine, and formed the Byzantine Varangian Guard.[5][6] According to the 12th century Kievan Primary Chronicle, a group of Varangians known as the Rus'[7] settled in Novgorod in 862 under the leadership of Rurik. Before Rurik, the Rus' might have ruled an earlier hypothetical polity.

Guide for the Perplexed, by Moses Maimonides

HTML  https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/maimonides-a-guide-for-the-perplexed

Moses Maimonides, A Guide for the Perplexed, translated from the original Arabic text by M. Friedlaender, 4th revised ed. (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1904). 8/25/2019. https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1256#Maimonides_0739_228

Edict of the Expulsion of the Jews (1492) Alhambra Decree

Inquisition

Translated from the Castilian by Edward Peters  fromhttp://www.sephardicstudies.org/decree.html

Avraham Abulafia

Abulafia developed a sophisticated theory of language, which assumes that Hebrew represents not so much the language as written or spoken as the principles of all languages, namely the ideal sounds and the combinations between them. Thus, Hebrew as an ideal language emcompasses all the other languages. This theory of language might have influenced Dante Alighieri. In his writings Abulafia uses Greek, Latin, Italian, Arabic, Tatar, and Basconian words for purpose of gematria.

Bahir

Sefer HaBahir   PDF   Until the publication of the Zohar, the Bahir was the most influential source of Kabbalistic teachings. It is quoted in virtually every major Kabbalistic work and is cited numerous times by the Ramban in his commentary on the Torah. It is also paraphrased and quoted many times in the Zohar. The name 'Bahir' literally means 'brilliant' or 'Illumination', and is derived from the first verse quoted in the text of the Bahir "And now they do not see the light, it is brilliant [bahir] in the skies", which itself is a quote from the book of Job (37:21). This book is also called "The Midrash of Rabbi Nehuniah ben haKana". 

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